Industrial oxygen explained

What Is Industrial Oxygen?

Oxygen & PSA·6 min read·Updated 13 Jul 2026

Industrial oxygen is oxygen gas produced at high purity for industrial processes — cutting and welding, steelmaking, chemicals and more. It is the same element as the oxygen you breathe, but produced, graded and certified for industrial use rather than for medical administration.

The short answer

Industrial oxygen is high-purity oxygen (O₂) supplied for industry rather than for patients. It is separated from ordinary air — which is about 21% oxygen — by either a cryogenic air-separation plant or a PSA (pressure-swing adsorption) oxygen plant, then supplied as compressed gas in cylinders, in cylinder banks, as bulk liquid, or generated on site.

Industrial vs medical oxygen

Both are high-purity oxygen, but they are handled under different rules. Medical oxygen is produced, filled and certified as a drug under pharmacopoeia (IP) standards, with strict traceability and dedicated cylinders. Industrial oxygen is certified to industrial specifications and used for processes, not breathing. Never use industrial oxygen for medical purposes.

How industrial oxygen is made

MethodTypical purityBest for
Cryogenic air separation (ASU)99.5%+ (and liquid O₂)Large, continuous demand; liquid supply; highest purity
PSA oxygen plant93–95%On-site generation at small–medium scale; lower cost per Nm³
Cylinder / bulk supplyAs filledSites without their own generation

What industrial oxygen is used for

  • Oxy-fuel cutting, welding, brazing and flame heating.
  • Steelmaking and metallurgy — oxygen lancing, BOF, cutting and scarfing.
  • Chemical and petrochemical oxidation processes.
  • Glass, pulp and paper, and effluent/water treatment.
  • Furnace enrichment to raise efficiency and throughput.

Frequently asked questions

Industrial oxygen is high-purity oxygen gas produced for industrial processes — such as cutting, welding, steelmaking and chemicals — rather than for medical use. It is separated from air by cryogenic or PSA plants and supplied as gas, liquid or on-site generation.
They are the same gas but certified differently: medical oxygen is produced and traced as a drug under pharmacopoeia (IP) standards for patient use, while industrial oxygen is certified for industrial processes. Industrial oxygen must not be used medically.
It depends on production method: cryogenic air-separation plants deliver 99.5% and higher (including liquid oxygen), while PSA oxygen plants typically deliver 93–95% purity, which is sufficient for most industrial uses.
By separating it from air. Cryogenic air-separation units cool and distil air to produce very high-purity oxygen and liquid oxygen; PSA plants use adsorbent beds to concentrate oxygen on site at 93–95% purity.
Oxy-fuel cutting and welding, steelmaking and metal processing, chemical oxidation, glass and furnace enrichment, and water/effluent treatment, among many other industrial processes.

Continue reading

Related products

Need industrial oxygen — supply or a plant?

IIGAS supplies industrial and medical oxygen and builds PSA and cryogenic oxygen plants. Tell us your purity, volume and site.